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本文主要介绍了利用 keepalived 实现 MySQL 数据库的高可用。
由于要做高可用,那么自然就需要 MySQL 双主模式,又因为数据库的特殊性,我们需要特别注意主备间的切换(不是想切就切),这个时候就需要 keepalived 非抢占模式。所以我们需要做:
- 安装 MySQL 双主(被动)模式,实现数据的冗余备份
- 安装 keepalived nopreempt 模式,实现 MySQL 数据库的故障切换
1 环境准备
host1 和 host2 部署高可用,host3 上部署 MySQL 客户端用于测试,详细信息如下:
hostname | ip | OS | install |
---|---|---|---|
host1 | 192.168.1.51 | CentOS7.0 | MySQL-server-5.5.45 / keepalived |
host2 | 192.168.1.52 | CentOS7.0 | MySQL-server-5.5.45 / keepalived |
host3 | 192.168.1.53 | CentOS7.0 | MySQL-client-5.5.45 |
2 安装 MySQL 双主结构
MySQL 双主顾名思义就是互为主备,需要特别注意一些配置。
- 下面是 host1 的配置:
-
log-bin = bin relay-log = relay-bin server-id = 1 skip-slave-start = 1 auto_increment_offset = 1 auto_increment_increment = 10 # log_slave_updates = 1
- 下面是 host2 的配置:
-
log-bin = bin relay-log = relay-bin server-id = 2 skip-slave-start = 1 auto_increment_offset = 2 auto_increment_increment = 10 # log_slave_updates = 1
- 注意:
log-bin 是一定要开启的,主要用于主备之间的同步
relay-log 重命名以下也有必要,这个参数可以不配置
两个实例的 server-id 必须配置不一样
skip-slave-start 是为了数据一致性
auto_increment_offset 是自增字段从哪开始
auto_increment_increment 是自增字段增加的幅度,配置成10是为了容易预估表的行数
如果你要给这两个实例再加 slave,那么你就需要配置 log_slave_updates 参数
- 按上面的配置启动 host1 和 host2 上的 MySQL 实例
- 设置主主模式
---- 在 host1 上执行:
mysql> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE, REPLICATION CLIENT ON *.* TO 'replication'@'192.168.1.52' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD 'helloworld';
---- 在 host2 上执行:
mysql> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE, REPLICATION CLIENT ON *.* TO 'replication'@'192.168.1.51' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD 'helloworld';
---- 在 host1 上执行:
mysql> start slave;
---- 在 host1 上执行:
mysql> start slave;
- note: 如果报如下错误:
ERROR 1372 (HY000): Password hash should be a 41-digit hexadecimal number
只需要按照如下处理即可:
mysql> select password('helloworld');
+-------------------------------------------+
| password('helloworld') |
+-------------------------------------------+
| *D35DB127DB631E6E27C6B75E8D376B04F64FAF83 |
+-------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE, REPLICATION CLIENT ON *.* TO 'replication'@'192.168.10.51' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*D35DB127DB631E6E27C6B75E8D376B04F64FAF83';
mysql> flush privileges;
3 部署高可用检测脚本
# cat /sbin/ha_check.sh
#!/bin/bash
counter=$(ps -C mysqld --no-heading|wc -l)
if [ "${counter}" = "0" ]; then
service keepalived stop
fi
# chmod +x /sbin/ha_check.sh
4 部署 keepalived 非抢占模式
- 安装 keepalived
# yum install keepalived
- 修改配置文件
-
###### host1 配置文件 ! Configuration File for keepalived global_defs { notification_email { cjfeii@126.com } notification_email_from ha@126.com smtp_server smtp.126.com smtp_connect_timeout 30 router_id host1 } vrrp_sync_group hw_vsg { group { hw_vi } } vrrp_script check_apps { script "/sbin/ha_check.sh" interval 3 } vrrp_instance hw_vi { state BACKUP nopreempt interface eth0 virtual_router_id 51 priority 150 advert_int 3 authentication { auth_type PASS auth_pass 123456 } virtual_ipaddress { 192.168.10.100/24 dev em1 scope global 192.168.10.200/24 dev em1 scope global } track_script { check_apps } } ###### ###### host2 配置文件 ! Configuration File for keepalived global_defs { notification_email { cjfeii@126.com } notification_email_from ha@126.com smtp_server smtp.126.com smtp_connect_timeout 30 router_id host2 } vrrp_sync_group hw_vsg { group { hw_vi } } vrrp_script check_apps { script "/sbin/ha_check.sh" interval 3 } vrrp_instance hw_vi { state BACKUP interface eth0 virtual_router_id 51 priority 100 advert_int 3 authentication { auth_type PASS auth_pass 123456 } virtual_ipaddress { 192.168.10.100/24 dev em1 scope global 192.168.10.200/24 dev em1 scope global } track_script { check_apps } }
- 启动 keepalived
# service keepalived start